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Devotion to the Rosary is one of the most notable features of popular Catholic spirituality.〔McGrath, Alister E., ''Christian Spirituality: An Introduction'', 1995 ISBN 0-631-21281-7 p. 16〕 Pope John Paul II placed rosary devotions at the very center of Christian spirituality and called them "among the finest and most praiseworthy traditions of Christian contemplation."〔(Pope John Paul II, ''Rosarium Virginis Mariae'' §5, Vatican )〕 From a historical perspective, the growth of rosary devotions built on the desire to focus on a central theme with the help of a universal prayer formula, building on the biblical exhortations for constant prayer, e.g. as in Luke 18:1-7.〔Fahlbusch, Erwin and Bromiley, Geoffrey William. ''The encyclopedia of Christianity'', Volume 4, p.756, 2005 ISBN 0-8028-2416-1〕 Following the establishment of the first rosary confraternities in the fifteenth century, the devotion to the rosary spread rapidly throughout Europe. From the sixteenth century onwards, rosary recitations often involved "picture texts" that assisted meditation. Such imagery continues to be used to assist in rosary meditations. Saints and popes have emphasized the meditative and contemplative elements of the rosary and provided specific teachings for how the rosary should be prayed, for instance the need for "''focus'', ''respect'', ''reverence'' and ''purity of intention''" during rosary recitations and contemplations. ==Origins== There are differing views on the origin of the rosary, with some traditions attributing it to Saint Dominic while others suggest a more gradual and organic development.〔Beebe, Catherine. ''St. Dominic and the Rosary'' ISBN 0-89870-518-5〕〔(Thurston, Herbert, and Andrew Shipman. "The Rosary." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 7 Oct. 2014 )〕 The practice of meditation during the praying of repeated Hail Marys started in the 15th century in Germany by the Carthusian monk Dominic of Prussia who died in 1461, just as the Dominicans Alanus de Rupe and James Sprenger had started to promote the rosary. This meditative practice was spread across Europe by traveling Carthusian monks, and was adopted by the Dominicans at large. A rosary hanging from the belt often forms part of the Carthusian habit even today.〔Johnston, William M., ''Encyclopedia of monasticism'', Volume 1 (2000, ISBN 1-57958-090-4), p.246〕 However, it is clear that by the middle of the 15th century the Dominican priest Blessed Alanus de Rupe, had spent significant effort to spread the devotion in France and the Netherlands, founding his first brotherhood for praying his Psalter in Douai in 1470.〔(McNicholas, J.T. "Alanus de Rupe". ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. )〕 〔Camiz, Franca Trinchieri and McIver, Katherine I., ''Art and music in the early modern period'', p.31, 2003 ISBN 0-7546-0689-9〕 James Sprenger formed the first confraternity of the rosary in Cologne in 1475.〔〔Candelaria, Lorenzo. ''The Rosary Cantoral: Ritual and Social Design'', pp.70-72, 2008 ISBN 1-58046-205-7〕 Rosary confraternities in Venice and Florence were formed in 1480 and 1481.〔Winston-Allen, Anne. ''Stories of the rose: the making of the rosary in the Middle Ages'', p.69, 1997 ISBN 0-271-01631-0〕 By the 16th century the practice of meditation during the rosary had spread across Europe. Bartolomeo Scalvo's ''Meditationi del Rosario della Gloriosa Maria Virgine'' (i.e. Meditations on the Rosary of the Glorious Virgin Mary) printed in 1569 for the rosary confraternity of Milan provided an individual meditation to accompany each bead or prayer.〔Getz, Christine Suzanne. ''Music in the collective experience in sixteenth-century Milan'', p.261, 2006 ISBN 0-7546-5121-5〕 Alanus de Rupe encouraged the rosary to be prayed in front of an image of Christ or the Virgin Mary. This style of meditation later resulted in meditation using ''narrative images'', the first of which was eventually printed by Dinkmut in Ulm, Germany. The use of "image directed rosary meditation" soon gained popularity and at the end of the 16th century the most widely used rosary meditation in Germany was not a written one, but a picture text. During the 16th century, the use of images as a form of religious instruction and indoctrination via silent preaching (''muta predicatio'') was promoted by Gabriele Paleotti in his "Discourse on Sacred and Profane Images".〔Mitchell, Nathan. ''The Mystery of the Rosary: Marian Devotion and the Reinvention of Catholicism'', pp.37-42, 2009 ISBN 0-8147-9591-9〕 As the use of devotional images came to be seen as the "literature of the layman", Paleotti's goal of the transformation of Christian life through the use of sacred images fostered and promoted Marian devotions including the Rosary.〔Marino, Adrian. ''The biography of "The idea of literature" from antiquity to the Baroque'', p.46, 1996 ISBN 0-7914-2894-X〕 By the 17th century, the 15 wood cut images of the picture rosary had become very popular and rosary books began to use them across Europe. In contrast to written rosary meditations, the picture texts changed little and the same set of images appeared in woodcuts, engravings, and devotional panels for over a hundred and fifty years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rosary devotions and spirituality」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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